Rheological‐stiffness analysis of K+‐treated and CaCO3‐rich soils

Rheological methods are applied whenever flow behavior of substances needs to be investigated on a particle‐to‐particle scale executed by a parallel‐plate rheometer. Under oscillation, mechanical effects due to trafficking or vibrations caused by agricultural and forest machinery can be simulated by conducting amplitude‐sweep tests. Hooke's law of elasticity, Newton's law for ideal fluids (viscosity), Mohr‐Coulomb's equation, and, finally, Bingham's yielding are well‐known relationships and parameters in the field of rheology. This paper aims to introduce rheometry as a suitable method to determine the mechanical behavior of salt‐affected soils when subjected to external stresses. Potassium‐treated loamy sand from Halle and loamy silt from Kassel, both sites located in Germany, as well as loess from Israel, saturated with NaCl solutions in several concentrations were analyzed. From the stress‐strain–relationship parameters like the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″, yield stress τ_y and the linear viscoelastic (LVE)–deformation range including the deformation limit γ_L, i.e., the transition from an elastic to a viscous state, were determined and calculated, respectively. With respect to salt effects, amplitude‐sweep tests on originally CaCO₃‐rich Avdat Loess show an increasing stability if saturated with higher NaCl concentrations. Comparable tests with K⁺‐rich substrates from Halle and Kassel evinced similar tendencies including the phenomenon of a critical K⁺ content, which becomes more obvious in case of the drained (–60h Pa) loamy‐silt samples from Kassel. Nevertheless, a higher microstructural stability is given in both substrates from Halle and Kassel, affected by different water contents, in general, which influence the exchange and availability of cations. The results verify that oscillatory tests are applicable for retracing salt‐induced effects, beside those ones, which are influenced by texture, current water content, and/or further chemical parameters.     

Contrasting intraspecific dietary shifts in two terapontid assemblages from Australia’s wet‐dry tropics

Abstract – This study assessed the size‐related patterns of dietary resource use in terapontid assemblages from two north Australian wet‐dry tropical river systems exhibiting contrasting long‐term flow regimes. Substantially higher size‐related dietary divergence in the form of additional trophic guilds and lower levels of dietary overlap were evident among terapontids from the comparatively stable Daly River system, particularly during the dry season. Relatively restricted expression of size‐related dietary shifts in conjunction with higher levels of dietary overlap and no significant seasonal effects on dietary overlap were features of assemblage interaction in the highly variable Burdekin River. Results highlight size‐related dietary shifts as a complex aspect of terapontid trophic habits, and one that can exhibit considerable spatial dynamism.     

高寒藏区巴青1号青稞开花习性的研究

研究表明:巴青1号青稞在青海高寒地区种植,大部分在抽穗之后开花,小花开放顺序通常由中部向上下两端开放,单个花序开花持续时间为5~8d,群体开花时间可达到10d。一日开花高峰在上午09~11时和下午13~15时。青稞开花的适宜温度为17.2℃~22.6℃,相对湿度55%~65%,结实率为85.7%。     

水稻不育系先红A紫叶性状的遗传行为及其应用前景

用新育成的带紫叶色标记的水稻不育系先红A(B)为材料,分别与不同类型的绿叶籼稻、粳稻品种杂交,研究其紫叶性状的遗传行为。结果表明,先红A(B)的紫叶性状由1对紫叶基因控制,一般正常绿叶水稻品种带有1～2对抑制基因可调控该紫叶基因的表达。先红A(B)的紫叶性状及其杂种F1绿叶性状表达稳定,不受光温环境及栽培条件的影响。先红A的紫叶性状是杂交稻种子鉴纯和制种防杂保纯的一种理想标记。先红A配制杂种,可筛选出株叶型好且优势强的组合,显示出良好的应用前景。     

意大利蜜蜂不同蜂群抗白垩病能力差异的研究

白垩病是意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica,简称意蜂）的一种常见真菌性疾病,不同蜂群间的抗白垩病能力强弱差异检测是抗病育种的基础.研究通过实验比较分析意蜂不同蜂群抗白垩病能力的差异.采用DPS软件方差分析系统分组实验统计分析和Tukey法多重比较,对4群患病蜂群和4群健康蜂群自然状态和接种蜜蜂球囊菌病原状态下的3次检测结果分别进行统计分析.结果表明：自然情况下不同蜂群间的抗病能力有差异;1号蜂群在接种蜜蜂球囊菌前、后蜂群患病个体数均显著高于其他蜂群（p＜0.05）;用白垩病死尸粉末拌入花粉饲喂的方法可以有效诱发蜂群发生白垩病;实验筛选出抗白垩病能力强、弱的蜂群为抗白垩病相关分子标记提供素材.     

Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattle

We determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half-sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking the feed trough (FG: 0.4 ± 0.6%; SG: 0.2 ± 0.4%) and performing tongue-playing (FG: 3.1 ± 4.6%; SG: 1.0 ± 1.9%) was significantly higher in FG, whereas the proportion of time spent resting (FG: 41.5 ± 12.8%; SG: 43.7 ± 10.9%) and performing self-licking (FG: 1.7 ± 1.4%; SG: 2.1 ± 1.3%) was higher in SG (all P < 0.05). These results show progeny of the FG sire engaged in more active behaviors compared to the progeny of the SG sire line.     

政府行为与公共文化事业:基于“十一五”规划的内容分析

研究以随机抽样方式选择11份由各级政府出台的＂十一五＂规划文本为语料,以研究者编制的编码工具对这些资料进行了内容分析,结合分析中各项数据,研究者对＂规划涉及的具体公共文化机构、资源保障与支持途径、规划实施过程中的联动机制、规划目标和规划实施的评估＂等5个方面的问题进行分析和讨论。     

规范图书招标采购行为 加强招标采购程序控制

为进一步规范图书馆文献采购招标行为，必须加强文献招标采购过程中的程序控制。介绍了我国各类型图书馆文献招标采购的招标方式，同时对图书馆文献招标采购程序进行了分析和研究。